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Sobre Viviana Peretti

En 2010, Viviana ha sido seleccionada para el Taller de Eddie Adams en Nueva York. En 2013-2014, fue Artista en Residencia en L’École Nationale Supérieure de la Photographie (ENSP) en Arles, Francia. En 2014, fue elegida Fotógrafa del Año en la categoría de Arte y Cultura de los Sony World Photography Awards, ganó el American Photography 30 en los EE. UU. y su trabajo fue seleccionado en el Premio de Retrato Fotográfico Taylor Wessing en Londres. En 2015, Viviana ha sido becaria de la Fundación Camargo en Francia. En 2017, ha sido becaria de la Fundación Bogliasco en Italia. En 2021, Viviana ha sido E.CO Residency Encuentros de Creación Fellow en Baudó Agencia Pública en Colombia.

Su obra ha sido expuesta en la National Portrait Gallery de Londres, la Rita K. Hillman Gallery de Nueva York, el Kkien Atelier de Milán, el Museo de Arte y Cultura de Bogotá, el Museo MACRO de Roma y el Museo Archivo de la Fotografía en la Ciudad de México, entre otros.

Las fotografías de Viviana han sido publicadas por varios medios de comunicación internacionales, incluidos The New York Times, Newsweek, BBC, CNN, New York Magazine, Vice y Le Journal de la Photographie.

Skulls of people killed by different ‘actors of the conflict’ (guerrilla, paramilitaries, state agents or even the Army) are kept in the laboratory at the ENAC (National School of Criminalistic and Forensic Science) in Medellín, the capital of the Colombian region of Antioquia. Medellín, Antioquia region, Colombia, January 2017.
A passer-by looks at the photograph of a missing person during a protest against forced disappearance in Bogotá. The protest was organized by the National Movement of Victims of State Crimes (MOVICE) on the International Day of the Disappeared, which is commemorated every year on August 30th. An estimated 120.000 people have been forcibly disappeared in Colombia over the last sixty years. Nine out of ten of these individuals are still missing today. Impunity is the essence of forced disappearance. There is neither a body nor a motive and, therefore, no culprit. In Colombia, forced disappearance turned into one of the most effective social control strategies. Any kind of otherness was eliminated: indigenous leaders, social activists, unionists, students from public universities, environmentalists. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, August 2017.
Members of the National Movement of Victims of State Crimes (MOVICE) protest in front of the Prosecutor’s Office bunker in Bogotá, Colombia. The protest was organized because of the exponential increase in the number of murders and disappearances of social leaders, human rights activists, and former FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) guerrillas who demobilized after the signing of a milestone peace agreement with the Colombian government in November 2016. In 2020 alone, the United Nations Office for Human Rights in Colombia has documented 66 massacres, in which 255 people were killed, in 18 regions of the country. In addition, the Office has received information about the assassination of 120 human rights defenders. Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in November 2016, the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia has also documented 292 killings of former FARC combatants. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, November 2020.
Graffiti painted outside of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá. The graffiti was painted in memory of the thousands of victims of forced disappearance in the country. Relatives of some of the disappeared pasted pictures of their missing loved ones on the wall. In Colombia, forced disappearance turned into one of the most effective social control strategies. The hidden outcome of a complex low-intensity war related to territorial control, illicit crops, and economic megaprojects (which go from hydrocarbons to dams, from agribusiness to tourism). The goal was to wipe out any political opposition. The crime was carried out by state agents, members of paramilitary and guerrilla groups, politicians, and civilians who benefited from this strategy. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, July 2021.
During 16 years, indigenous woman Doña Analigia has been searching for the bones of Roberto Antonio, her 25-year-old son, who, according to authorities, was tortured, killed and dismembered by paramilitaries in the Toldas de Peque village in the Colombian region of Antioquia. Doña Analigia still dreams with her son telling her: «I had a mother, I had a father, I had brothers and they weren’t able to bury me, but they let me eat by the buzzards.» The dress she’s wearing was given to her by her son a few days before he was disappeared. Forced disappearance deprives families of the opportunity to perform the most human of acts: mourning. The photograph was taken in the headquarters of Mothers of La Candelaria, an organization created in Medellín in 1999 in response to the many forced disappearances taking place in the country. Every Friday the members meet in front of Iglesia de La Candelaria in the city center of Medellín. They shout: ‘They took our loved ones alive, alive we want them back’, although many know that they will never see their loved ones alive again. Perhaps a few remains in a wooden box, if the Colombian government keeps the promise to restore to them what is left of what one day was taken away. Medellín, Antioquia region, Colombia, July 2016.
The picture of Fair Leonardo Porras Bernal (26) on a table during a protest against the crime of forced disappearance organized by the National Movement of Victims of State Crimes (MOVICE) in Bogotá, Colombia. The hands on the table belong to Leonardo’s mother, Luz Marina Bernal. Leonardo was one of the victims of the extrajudicial executions committed by law enforcement in recent decades: the misnamed ‘false positive’ scandal. To inflate body counts and receive promotions or other benefits, members of the military had poor or mentally impaired civilians lured to remote parts of the country with offers of work, killed them, and presented them to authorities as guerrillas killed in battle, or buried them as NN (unnamed people). According to the JEP (Special Jurisdiction for Peace), between 2002 and 2008 alone, 6402 innocent civilians were victims of this perverse crime. While Colombian investigative agencies find cases as early as 1988, the peak of the phenomenon took place between 2006 and 2009, during the presidency of Álvaro Uribe Vélez. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, May 2021.
Relatives of the victims of State crimes protest in front of the Palace of Justice in Plaza de Bolívar in Bogotá. The Palace was totally destroyed and burned down in November 1985 when guerrillas from the now-defunct 19th of April Movement (M-19) broke into the building and took about 300 people hostage. The M-19 members intended to hold a trial against the then president Belisario Betancur, because of the failures and difficulties in the peace process they had agreed to months before. The Army repelled the takeover by storming the Palace with tanks and rockets, leaving a balance of 94 people killed—including 11 court judges—, dozens injured and 11 missing, mostly cafeteria employees, visitors, and Irma Franco Pineda, a lawyer and guerrilla member who participated in the M-19 siege. More than 1,000 soldiers took part in the operation to combat the 35 guerrillas. More than 6,000 files were destroyed in the fire of the Palace, including several processes against military personnel for human rights violations. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, July 2017.
The photograph of Benjamín Marín Lizarazo is displayed at La Santamaria bullring in Bogotá one day before the commemoration of the International Day of the Victims of Forced Disappearance (Día Internacional de las Víctimas de Desaparición Forzada). Benjamín was born in the town of Aguazul in the Casanare region of Colombia. He was a peasant leader, journalist, and poet, and worked in the Casanare Secretariat of Agriculture promoting productive alternatives for the rural population of the region. He disappeared on February 28, 2001, and his whereabouts is still unknown. The day after his disappearance, troops of the Army raided his house. Benjamín’s case is being handled by ASFADDES (Association of Relatives of the Detained Disappeared, Asociación de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos), the first association of relatives of victims of forced disappearance founded in Colombia on February 4, 1983. According to ASFADDES, the first case registered as a forced disappearance in Colombia, and recognized as a repressive method to eliminate political opponents of the regime, dates to September 9, 1977, with the detention and disappearance of Omaira Montoya Henao, a 30-year-old bacteriologist, three months pregnant and a leftist militant. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, August 2021.
Sumapaz Páramo is the world’s largest páramo (alpine tundra) ecosystem. Despite being within the jurisdiction of the bustling city of Bogotá, its name literally translates to “utterly peaceful moorland”. The Sumapaz was considered a sacred place for the Muisca indigenous people. It was associated with the divine forces of creation and the origin of mankind, a domain where humans were not supposed to enter. In recent years, guerrillas groups as FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and ELN (National Liberation Army) used the area as a corridor for the transportation of kidnapping victims, weapon trafficking, drug trafficking and as a place of burial for victims of forced disappearance. During the last sixty years, an estimated 120.000 people were forcibly disappeared in Colombia. Nine out of ten of these individuals are still missing today. Impunity is the essence of forced disappearance. There is neither a body nor a motive and, therefore, no culprit. Most of the disappeared have been killed and thrown into anonymous mass graves, rivers, mangroves, sugar mills, and crematorium ovens. Forensic anthropologist John Fredy Ramirez Santana, who has performed hundreds of exhumations in different regions of the country, describes Colombia as a ‘huge, anonymous mass grave’. Bogotá, Capital District, Colombia, July 2017.

Fotos Cortesía Viviana Peretti. Italia

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Viviana Peretti

Fotógrafo Profesional

Viviana Peretti es una fotógrafa independiente italiana radicada en Bogotá, Colombia. En 2000, después de graduarse Magna Cum Laude con una licenciatura en Literatura de la Universidad de Roma, se mudó a Colombia donde completó una maestría en Periodismo y pasó años trabajando como fotógrafa independiente. En 2010, Viviana se graduó en Fotografía Documental y Fotoperiodismo en el Centro Internacional de Fotografía (ICP) de Nueva York.

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